Earth is the nondual quality of solidity and intangibility. Water is the nondual quality of permanence and impermanence. Fire is the nondual quality of separateness and inseparability. Air is the nondual quality of continuity and discontinuity. Space is the nondual quality of definition and lack of definition. As soon as we attempt to split the qualities and adhere only to the form qualities of the elements, we create samsara. The form qualities of emptiness cannot be split from the emptiness qualities of form.p27, Rays of the Sun, Ngakpa Chögyam, Aro Books worldwide, 2010, 978-1-898185-06-2